APA GUIDELINES SHEET

How To Cite Sources And Create Your Reference List

CITING SOURCES

Please be sure to site your sources. If you do not, it is plagarism (unauthorized or unacknowledged use of someone else's work). Since plagarism is a kind of theft, the penalties are severe (an "F' on the assignment, a likely "F" in the course, and possible removal from the university).

When Paraphrasing:

Simply put authors' last name and publication date at the end of the sentence. An example follows:

It is important to have an open mind when interpreting organizations (Eisenburg & Goodall, 1997).

When Including A Quote From The Text:

Be sure to include the authors' last name(s) followed by the year of publication. Be sure to include the page number you received the quote from after the ending quotation marks. Use the following formats:

Eisenburg and Goodall (1997) state that it is important to remain "committed to a lifetime of learning" (p. 3).

--Or--

According to Wood (1999), "Our society constructs inequality" (p. 3).

--Or--

"Keep an open mind to various ways of interpreting those situations" (Eisenburg & Goodall, 1997, p. 3).

REFERENCE LIST FORMAT

References are double-spaced with the first line indented. The way the sources are listed in the reference list depends on the type of source it is. Please follow the models below.

When Citing Journals/Periodicals: Include the author(s)' last name, initials, the date of publication, the title of the article (in lower case), the name of the journal (capitalized), the journal volume and number, and the pages of the journal article.

Single Authored

Williams, R. K. (1973). Reflections on a human science of communication. Journal of Communication, 23, 239-251.

Multiple Authors

Smith, G. R., Gregory, T. B., & Pugh, R. C. (1981). Meeting student needs: Evidence for the superiority of alternative schools. Phi Delta Kappan, 62(8), 561-564.

When Citing Books: Include the author(s)' last name, initials, the date of publication, the title of the book (in lower case), the location of the publishing company and the name of publisher.

Single Authored

Shotter, J. (1993). Conversational realities. London: Sage Publications.

Multiple Authors

Lofland, J., & Lofland, L. H. (1995). Analyzing social settings: A guide to qualitative observation and analysis. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing.

When Citing On-Line Information:

Author, I. (date). Title of article. Name of Periodical [On-line], xx. Available: Specify path.